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IPv4 and IPv6 Reference Guide
I have put this guide to Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6 together on a single page. This will help show the similarities and the differences in the protocols. This deals with addressing and subnetting for deployment rather than a detailed explanation. There are IPv4 and IPv6 Subnet Sheets one above the other.
IPv4 and IPv6 Address Space
IPv4 0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255
IPv6 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 - ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
All IP addresses are allocated by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and the assignment of IPv4 address space. Blocks of this space is assigned to local internet registries for them to allocate to organisations or companies based on their local rules these are the Regional Internet Registries RIRs these are:
| AFRINIC | Africa Region |
| APNIC | Asia/Pacific Region |
| ARIN | Canada, USA, and some Caribbean Islands |
| LACNIC | Latin America and some Caribbean Islands |
| RIPE NCC | Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia |
Special Address Blocks
There are special allocations too. Request for Comment RFC-1918 are probably the most famous as a selection of addresses for private use:
Private IPv4 Networks
| Address | Range | Use |
| 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 | Class A Private Addresses |
| 172.16.0.0/12 | 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 | Class B Private Addresses |
| 192.168.0.0/16 | 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 | Class C Private Addresses |
Reserved IPv4 Networks
| Address | Range | Use |
| 0.0.0.0/8 | 0.0.0.0 - 0.255.255.255 | Reserved for self-identification |
| 127.0.0.0/8 | 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 | Reserved for Loopback |
| 169.254.0.0/16 | 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 | Reserved for Link Local |
| 224.0.0.0/4 | 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 | Multicast |
| 240.0.0.0/4 | 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255 | Future use |
Reserved IPv6 Networks
| Address | Range | Use |
| ::1/128 | 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 - 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 | Localhost |
| ::ffff:0:0/96 | 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:0000:0000 - 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:ffff:ffff | IPv4-mapped IPv6 address all IPv4 |
| 2002::/16 | 2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 - 2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 6to4 Routing Prefix |
| fc00::/7 | fc00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 - fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | Unique Local Address Private Addresses like RFC1918 |
| fe80::/10 | fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 - fe80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | Link Local None routable for adjacent devices |
| ff00::/8 | ff00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 - ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | Multicast |
Default Routes
| Route | Use |
| 0.0.0.0/0 | IPv4 Default Route |
| ::/0 | IPv6 Default Route |
IPv4 and IPv6 Prefixes
| Prefix | Mask | Use |
| /8 | 255.0.0.0 | IPv4 Class A Network |
| /16 | 255.255.0.0 | IPv4 Class B Network |
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | IPv4 Class C Network A "normal" Network and Smallest Internet Routable Block |
| /32 | 255.255.255.255 | IPv4 Host Address |
| /32 | IPv6 Internet Service Provider Allocation ISP | |
| /48 | IPv6 Smallest Internet Routable Block | |
| /64 | IPv6 A "normal" Network Residential Allocation | |
| /128 | IPv6 Host Address |
IPv4 Full Subnet Mask Table
| Bits | Mask | Inverse Mask | Number of Hosts | Number of Class Cs |
| /0 | 0.0.0.0 | 255.255.255.255 | 4,294,967,296 | 16,777,216 |
| /1 | 128.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2,147,483,648 | 8,388,608 |
| /2 | 192.0.0.0 | 63.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 | 4,194,304 |
| /3 | 224.0.0.0 | 31.255.255.255 | 536,870,912 | 2,097,152 |
| /4 | 240.0.0.0 | 15.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 | 1,048,576 |
| /5 | 248.0.0.0 | 7.255.255.255 | 13,4217,728 | 524,288 |
| /6 | 252.0.0.0 | 3.255.255.255 | 6,7108,864 | 262,144 |
| /7 | 254.0.0.0 | 1.255.255.255 | 3,3554,432 | 131,072 |
| /8 | 255.0.0.0 | 0.255.255.255 | 1,6777,216 | 65,536 |
| /9 | 255.128.0.0 | 0.127.255.255 | 8,388,608 | 32,768 |
| /10 | 255.192.0.0 | 0.63.255.255 | 4,194,304 | 16,384 |
| /11 | 255.224.0.0 | 0.31.255.255 | 2,097,152 | 8,192 |
| /12 | 255.240.0.0 | 0.15.255.255 | 1,048,576 | 4,096 |
| /13 | 255.248.0.0 | 0.7.255.255 | 524,288 | 2,048 |
| /14 | 255.252.0.0 | 0.3.255.255 | 262,144 | 1,024 |
| /15 | 255.254.0.0 | 0.1.255.255 | 131,072 | 512 |
| /16 | 255.255.0.0 | 0.0.255.255 | 65,536 | 256 |
| /17 | 255.255.128 | 0.0.127.255 | 32,768 | 128 |
| /18 | 255.255.192 | 0.0.63.255 | 16,384 | 64 |
| /19 | 255.255.224 | 0.0.31.255 | 8,192 | 32 |
| /20 | 255.255.240 | 0.0.15.255 | 4,096 | 16 |
| /21 | 255.255.248 | 0.0.7.255 | 2,048 | 8 |
| /22 | 255.255.252 | 0.0.3.255 | 1,024 | 4 |
| /23 | 255.255.254 | 0.0.1.255 | 512 | 2 |
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 0.0.0.255 | 256 | 1 |
| /25 | 255.255.255.128 | 0.0.0.127 | 128 | 1/2 |
| /26 | 255.255.255.192 | 0.0.0.63 | 64 | 1/4 |
| /27 | 255.255.255.224 | 0.0.0.31 | 32 | 1/8 |
| /28 | 255.255.255.240 | 0.0.0.15 | 16 | 1/16 |
| /29 | 255.255.255.248 | 0.0.0.7 | 8 | 1/32 |
| /30 | 255.255.255.252 | 0.0.0.3 | 4 | 1/64 |
| /31 | 255.255.255.254 | 0.0.0.1 | 2 | 1/128 |
| /32 | 255.255.255.255 | 0.0.0.0 | 1 | 1/256 |
IPv6 Every 4th Subnet Mask Table
| Bits | Network Size |
| /0 | xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /4 | fxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /8 | fcxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /12 | fc0x:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /16 | fc00:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /20 | fc00:1xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /24 | fc00:12xx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /28 | fc00:123x:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /32 | fc00:1234:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /36 | fc00:1234:1xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /40 | fc00:1234:12xx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /44 | fc00:1234:123x:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /48 | fc00:1234:1234:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /52 | fc00:1234:1234:1xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /56 | fc00:1234:1234:12xx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /60 | fc00:1234:1234:123x:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /64 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /68 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /72 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:12xx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /76 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:123x:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /80 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /84 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1xxx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /88 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:12xx:xxxx:xxxx |
| /92 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:123x:xxxx:xxxx |
| /96 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:xxxx:xxxx |
| /100 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1xxx:xxxx |
| /104 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:12xx:xxxx |
| /108 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:123x:xxxx |
| /112 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:xxxx |
| /116 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1xxx |
| /120 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:12xx |
| /124 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:123x |
| /128 | fc00:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234:1234 |